Continuity and Change in US Cyber Security Strategy from 2009 to 2024

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the continuity and change in U.S. cybersecurity strategy from 2009 to 2024, with a focus on evaluating why these strategies have been largely ineffective despite the United States' technological prominence. The study also seeks to understand the impact of cyber challenges on U.S. national security and to assess the extent to which adopted strategies have succeeded in achieving national objectives. The central problem addressed is that, despite the U.S. possessing advanced technological capabilities in cybersecurity, and despite successive administrations, particularly under Obama and Trump, recognizing the risks posed by cyber threats, the country continues to experience major breaches that threaten its national security.

The research employs an analytical approach to study the dimensions and determinants of U.S. cybersecurity strategy, alongside a case study method to use the U.S. model as a framework for understanding its successes and failures. A comparative approach is also used to analyze the evolution of cybersecurity strategies across different administrations, beginning with Obama, followed by Trump, and up to Biden.

The study concludes with several key findings, most notably that the lack of coordination among U.S. cybersecurity institutions has undermined the effectiveness of strategic responses. The study also highlights shifts in priorities across different administrations. It recommends strengthening interagency coordination to unify efforts and enhance emergency response capabilities. Moreover, it emphasizes the need to develop integrated strategies that link cybersecurity directly with national security.