بناء الامة في الدول الهشة: العراق بعد 2003 انموذجا

المؤلفون

  • اسعد طارش كلية العلوم السياسية/جامعة بغداد

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30907/jcopolicy.vi66.672

الملخص

إن عملية بناء الدولة في الدول الهشة معقدة، غالباً ما تنطوي على تحديات وفرص متعددة الأوجه. ومن الأمثلة ذات الصلة على ذلك العراق ما بعد عام 2003، والذي يعد بمثابة نموذج لدراسة تعقيدات إعادة بناء الأمة في أعقاب الصراع. خلال هذه الفترة، شهدنا تدخلاً دولياً كبيراً يهدف إلى إرساء الحكم الديمقراطي، وتعزيز التنمية الاقتصادية، واستعادة الاستقرار الاجتماعي. تُظهر رحلة بناء الدولة العراقية النجاحات وأوجه القصور. كان إنشاء حكومة تمثيلية بمثابة خطوة نحو الشمولية والمشاركة السياسية، إلا أن التوترات الطائفية استمرت، مما أعاق الهوية الوطنية المتماسكة. وكانت المبادرات الاقتصادية تهدف إلى تسخير موارد العراق النفطية لتحقيق النمو، لكن الفساد وسوء الإدارة شكلا عقبات. علاوة على ذلك، ثبت أن بناء نسيج اجتماعي موحد أمر شاق، لأن الانقسامات التاريخية استلزمت جهود المصالحة.

يؤكد النموذج العراقي على أهمية اتباع نهج شامل يشمل الأبعاد السياسية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية. ويتوقف البناء الفعال للأمة على معالجة الأسباب الجذرية للهشاشة، وتعزيز مرونة المؤسسات، وتعزيز التماسك المجتمعي. وتلعب الجهات الفاعلة الدولية دوراً حيوياً من خلال بناء القدرات، والدبلوماسية، وتنسيق المساعدات، ولكن يتعين عليها أن تحترم الوكالات المحلية وتتجنب فرض حلول من أعلى إلى أسفل.

نتناول في هذا البحث مشكلة بناء الأمة في الدول الهشة من خلال استعراض وتحليل التحديات التي تواجه هذه العملية والفرص المتاحة للتغلب على تلك التحديات، مع اختيار العراق ما بعد 2003 نموذجا للدراسة.

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التنزيلات

منشور

2023-12-01

كيفية الاقتباس

بناء الامة في الدول الهشة: العراق بعد 2003 انموذجا. (2023). مجلة العلوم السياسية, 66, 55-76. https://doi.org/10.30907/jcopolicy.vi66.672

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